Construction of the graph model for determining an ecological compatibility of a transportation process
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31649/2413-4503-2021-14-2-103-110Keywords:
vehicle, fuel consumption, ecological compatibility, graph modelAbstract
Uncertainty of data during environmental monitoring prevents with confidently and objectively assessing the current condition of the environment, the influence of factors affecting the fuel consumption of vehicles during operation. In addition, it creates a serious problem in assessing the dynamics of this condition, especially when it comes to relatively small levels of pollution that are on the verge of the sensitivity of systems and devices in the car. It is precisely these tasks that include the determination of atmospheric pollution by emissions from road transport in conditions of variable weather and climatic conditions, carrying out routine maintenance, changing a configuration of an engine or transmission. The article discusses: a) factors related to the characteristics and vehicle systems, with the maintenance of vehicles. This category focuses on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, which depend on the technical and operational characteristics of the vehicle, its weight and aerodynamics, tires and auxiliary systems, the quality and timeliness of maintenance and repairs; b) factors related to the environment and traffic conditions (weather conditions, road morphology and traffic conditions); c) factors related to a driver of a vehicle (driver qualifications, driving style). Optimization of factors related to vehicle systems and their characteristics has been performed; by using fuel of optimum quality and driving efficiently, you can achieve savings in fuel (financial) consumption and CO2 emissions. The article proposes the solution to a complex problem of managing the transport process while minimizing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions from passenger cars, depending on the road and climatic conditions and the driver's qualifications, based on the theory of fuzzy sets. This approach made it possible to largely compensate for the lack of objective information about the process due to its uncertainty by subjective expert data.
References
Transportation, Air Pollution, and Climate Change. [Електронний ресурс]. Режим доступу : https://www.epa.gov/transportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change. Дата звернення: Вересень 11, 2021.
Outcome and response to ending the sale of new petrol, diesel and hybrid cars and vans. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступу : https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/consulting-on-ending-the-sale-of-new-petrol-diesel-and-hybrid-cars-and-vans/outcome/ending-the-sale-of-new-petrol-diesel-and-hybrid-cars-and-vans-government-response. Дата звернення: 11.09.2021.
Y. Zhang, and Z. Ye, “Short-Term Traffic Flow Forecasting Using Fuzzy Logic System Methods”, Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 102–112. 2008. Doi: 10.1080/15472450802262281
P. Varaiya, “Max Pressure Control of a Network of Signalized Intersections”, Transportation Research, Part C. Emerging Technologies, Vol. 36, pp. 177–195. 2013. Doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2013.08.014
Lai Guan Rhung, Che Soh Azura, and Zafira Abdul Rahman Ribhan, “Fuzzy Traffic Light Controller Using Sugeno Method for Isolated Intersection”, in Proceedings of 2009 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD-2009), 2009. Doi: 10.1109/scored.2009.5442955
Д. В. Капский и др. Автоматизированные системы управления дорожным движением, Минск, Беларусь: Новое знание; М.: ИНФРА-М, 2015, 368 с.
Ю. А. Врубель и др. Координированное управление дорожным движением, Минск, Беларусь: БНТУ, 2011, 230 с.
Д. В. Капский, Д.В. Навой, П.А. Пегин, «Разработка модели транспортных потоков на улично-дорожной сети города», Science and Technique, вып. 18, № 1, с. 47-54, 2019. Doi: 10.21122/2227-1031-2019-18-1-47-54.
The driving tips you need to become a Fuel Master. [Електронний ресурс]. Режим доступу : https://www.bigmacktrucks.com/topic/42399-the-driving-tips-you-need-to-become-a-fuel-master/ Дата звернення: Жовт. 6, 2021.
Ferdinand Dudenhöffer und Eva Maria John, “EU-Normen für Verbrauchsangaben von Autos: Mehr als ein Ärgernis für Autokäufer”, ifo Schnelldienst, vol. 62, no. 13, pp. 14-17. 2009. https://www.ifo.de/publikationen/2009/aufsatz-zeitschrift/eu-normen-fuer-verbrauchsangaben-von-autos-mehr-als-ein.
S. Barbusse and L. Gagnepain, Automobile Air-Conditioning, its Energ & Environmental Impact, London, ADEME, 2003.
The tyre. Rolling resistance and fuel savings, France, Société de Technologie Michelin, 2013.
V. Lozhkin, O. Lozhkina, and V. Dobromirov, “A study of air pollution by exhaust gases from cars in well courtyards of Saint Petersburg”, Transportation Research Procedia, vol. 36, pp. 453–458, 2018.
Tires and Passenger Vehicle Fuel Economy, Washington, D.C. Transportation Research Board, 2006.
Advising ecodriving techniques for fleet, London, 2012.
V. Mickunaitis, A. Pikunas, and I. Mackoit, “Reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emission in motor cars”, Transport, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 160-163, 2007. DOI:10.3846/16484142.2007.9638119.
W. Hucho, and G. Sovran. “Aerodynamics of road vehicles”. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 25, pp. 485-537, 1993. Doi: 10.1146/annurev.fl.25.010193.002413.
Reducing car CO2 emissions through the use of low rolling resistance tyres. Brussels, Belgium : Transport & Environment, 2007.
M. Lenner, “Influence of roof - rack, trailer etc on automobile fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, measured on-the-road”, in SAE technical paper, 1998. doi: 10.4271/980682; 1998.
D.W. Wyatt, H. Li, and J.E. Tate. “The impact of road grade on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of a passenger vehicle in real-world driving”, Transp Res Part Transp Environ, vol. 32, pp. 160-170, 2014. Doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2014.07.015.
E. Beuving, T. De Jonghe, D. Goos, T. Lindahl, and A. Stawiarski, “Environmental impacts and fuel efficiency of road pavements”. European Roads Review, vol. 2. 2004.
S. Spalding, “RACQ congested roads report”. Vehicle Technologies Department, 2008.
T. Nakajo, K. Tsuchiya, and M. Konno, “Comparison of fuel economy and exhaust emission tests of 4WD vehicles using single-axis chassis dynamometer and dualaxis chassis dynamometer”, SAE Int J Fuels Lubr, vol. 5, pp. 329–36. 2011. Doi: 10.4271/2011-01-2058.
Making Cars More Fuel Efficient: Technology for Real Improvements on the Road, International Energy Agency, 2005. DOI:10.1787/9789282103449-en.
N. G. Zacharof and G. Fontaras, Review of in use factors affecting the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of passenger cars, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016.
J. Thomas, S. Huff, and B. West, “Fuel economy and emissions effects of low tire pressure, open windows, roof top and hitch - mounted cargo and trailer”, in SAE technical paper, 2014. Doi: 10.4271/2014-01-1614.
J.M. Pearce, and J.T. Hanlon, “Energy conservation from systematic tire pressure regulation”, Energy Policy, vol. 35, pp. 2673–2680, 2007. Doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.07.006.
Downloads
-
PDF (Українська)
Downloads: 126
