Process of cutting vegetation by cutting machines of segment-finger mowers

Abstract

The cutting machines of mowers are intended for mowing of natural or sown grasses, on the principle of operation they are divided into the devices of retaining and unpinning cutting. Because of this, the cutting machines are driven from the tractor's PTO or may have an individual hydraulic or electric drive. Depending on the technological process, the mowers may be equipped with an additional flatter or disc machine. The angle of inclination of the cutting machine forwards or backwards is regulated by the rotation of the movable frame relative to the stationary. The centering of the knife is carried out by changing the length of the connecting rod so that in its extreme positions the middle of the segments coincide with the middle of the fingers or do not reach the middle by 5 mm.

When harvesting thick-stemmed crops (sunflower, corn), two supports adversely affect the slice. By cutting into a thick stem, the segments are wedged by incised stems, which leads to excessive effort when cutting. Therefore, it is advisable to use the fingers without sprouts in the cutting apparatus for collecting thick-stemmed plants. Segment-finger cutting devices cut plants at knife speed (cutting) 1.5 ... 3.0 m / s. They do not grind plants, require less energy compared to unpowered cutting devices. At the same time, the reciprocating movement of the knife causes considerable inertial forces, limiting the use of such mowers at higher operating speeds when collecting grasses.

It is determined that the devices of the supporting cut are simple in structure and reliable in operation, mowers with such devices have lower energy costs per unit of collected area and metal-intensive, and the slip coefficient of the considered cutting apparatus is linearly dependent on the angle of installation of the blade and the position of the stalk axes of rotation of knives. It is established that the effect of the elderly and variable cutting increases, as the stem approaches, it cuts to the center of rotation.