THE REVIEW OF NANOMATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES AND PROSPECTS OF THEIR USE IN GAS SUPPORTS OF SPINDLE UNIT

Abstract

The article deals with modern nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, their classification and methods of production and application.
The object of research is nanomaterials and nanotechnologies.
The purpose of this work is to determine the advantages of reinforcing surfaces with nanomaterials on the surfaces of gas supports.
The development of new methods and research in the field of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies led to cardinal changes in many areas of human activity: in materials science, engineering, energy, electronics, medicine and many others. Along with other advanced technologies, nanotechnology is the foundation of scientific and technological progress.
Advantages of the introduction and use of nanomaterials depend to some extent on their types of structures. The properties of nanomaterials are largely determined by the nature of the distribution, shape and chemical composition of the crystallites (nanoscale elements) from which they consist.
For nanoparticles, the entire material will work as a near-surface layer, the thickness of which is estimated in the range of about 0.5 ... 20 μm. One can also point out the subtle physical effects that manifest themselves in the specific nature of the interaction of electrons with a free surface.
Inequality of grain boundaries causes the occurrence of high stresses and distortions of the crystal lattice, a change in the interatomic distances, and the appearance of significant atomic shifts, up to the loss of long-range order. The result is a significant increase in microhardness.
An important factor in nanomaterials is also the propensity for the appearance of clusters.
It turned out that materials with nanoscale grain differ brittleness. When using the methods of intensive plastic deformation, it is possible to reduce the manifestation of this unpleasant effect
Technology of surface treatment of materials to date is one of the most dynamic branches of the science of materials. The methods associated with the creation on the surface of materials, especially metallic, modified layers, are sufficiently studied, worked out and widely used in practice. Analysis of literature data showed that the crystallite size in films obtained by vacuum deposition techniques can reach 1-3 nm.
Improve the characteristics and properties of gas supports materials by applying carbon nanocoats. Nanocarbon coatings provide high characteristics of the working surfaces of friction pairs: high electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, very low coefficient of friction, high strength and toughness, corrosion resistance at normal and elevated temperatures.