Electromagnetic danger of electric and hybrid vehicles

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of electromagnetic radiation from electric vehicles. Hybrid and electric cars emit extremely low-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or magnetic fields. Studies of EMF levels emitted by cars show that they pose a threat to human health. Measurements of the magnetic induction of internal combustion engine cars, electric cars, and hybrid cars confirm that the magnetic field induction of an electric car is twice as high as that of an internal combustion engine car and does not depend on the speed of movement. The magnetic field induction of a hybrid car is greater than that of an electric car and tends to depend on the speed of movement. The magnetic field induction during external charging of an electric vehicle in the cabin is much lower than when driving. The average value of magnetic field induction in the interior of an electric vehicle is 0.85 ± 0.18 μT; Coverage factor K = 2 at a confidence level of P = 0.95. The magnetic field induction of an electric vehicle is twice as high as that of a car with an internal combustion engine and does not depend on the speed of movement. The average value of magnetic field induction in the interior of a hybrid car is 1.28 ± 0.61 μT; Coverage factor K = 2 at a confidence level of P=0.95. The magnetic field induction of a hybrid car is higher than that of an electric car and tends to depend on the speed of movement.
The conducted studies show that electrical equipment in electric vehicles and, in particular, in an electric car and a hybrid car is a source of alternating EMF with strong temporal and spatial heterogeneity in the frequency range from 0 to hundreds of megahertz. This is due to the fact that the MF in an electric vehicle and a hybrid car is a superposition of fields from many sources. The direct sources of MF in electric vehicles are traction motors, rechargeable traction batteries, current-carrying elements, various electrical equipment, such as starting and braking resistance, group switches, rheostat units, electrical circuits for ventilation, lighting, heating, etc. Electronic devices on board are usually higher-frequency than MFs due to changes in the driving mode of electric and hybrid vehicles.