Analysis of the structures and drives of the executive bodies of the mechanisms for unloading municipal solid waste from garbage trucks

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to analyze the design features and types of drives of the working bodies of the mechanisms that ensure the process of unloading municipal solid waste from garbage trucks, in order to further determine the directions of their technical improvement and increase energy efficiency. Within the framework of the work, a study of existing designs and hydraulic schemes of drives used in mechanisms for unloading municipal solid waste was carried out by analyzing scientific literature sources, technical documentation and patent materials. The purpose of this analysis is to identify patterns, advantages and disadvantages of modern technical solutions, as well as to determine promising ways to improve drive systems to increase their reliability, efficiency and reduce energy losses during operation. The hydraulic drive of the working bodies of garbage trucks, as a rule, receives power from the central pumping station of the vehicle, which creates the necessary pressure to perform the operations of compression, lifting, tipping and unloading of waste. The paper presents and analyzes the structural diagrams of unloading mechanisms developed both in domestic and foreign practice. The comparative analysis showed that a typical problem for most models of garbage trucks is the use of a hydraulic drive with one unregulated pump, which operates with a constant flow regardless of the current load. In such systems, the speed of movement of the working elements is regulated mainly by throttling the flow, as a result of which the excess working fluid under high pressure is discharged through a safety valve into the hydraulic tank. This leads to significant unproductive power losses, increased energy consumption, overheating of the working fluid and a decrease in the overall efficiency of the hydraulic system. The results of the analysis showed that one of the most promising directions for the modernization of such systems is the introduction of load-sensitive hydraulic circuits that provide automatic regulation of the pump flow in accordance with the needs of the actuators. The use of such systems allows to significantly reduce power losses, optimize energy consumption, reduce noise level and temperature load on the hydraulic system. As a result, this contributes to increasing the efficiency of hydraulic drive control of working bodies in various operating modes, improving the reliability of municipal solid waste unloading mechanisms and extending the service life of hydraulic equipment.