Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Transport

An example of foundry technology for the production of a wide range of metal structures for further scalingin the process of developing mechanical engineering

2025-10-24T11:11:19+03:00

In view of the prospects for the development of domestic mechanical engineering, the type of production of metal products and an active example of its implementation, which are recommended for scaling, are considered. The production of a wide range of metal products in different series, characteristic of the Lost Foam Casting (LFC) technology, can contribute to the creation and strengthening of industrial growth centres at the stage of mechanical engineering restoration. This type of production allows for a quick response to market needs, requires a small initial investment, and has significant potential for scaling up. The flexibility of such production lies in the rapid adjustment of the product range, its customisation to customer requirements, and its innovative potential, which is associated with the simplified introduction of new technologies, including their digitalisation. This article describes a foundry using the LFC process. Samples of its products, features, and advantages of LFC technology are presented, along with the low investment requirements for establishing such a workshop due to the possibility of manufacturing most of the necessary equipment and accessories domestically. The strength of the foundry sand mould in LFC is ensured by the application of physical principles, specifically the unique use of the gas pressure gradient in the mould walls resulting from the evaporation of a disposable foundry pattern made of foam polymer. This enables the creation of a foundry mould from dry quartz sand, which flows around pattern structures of various geometric configurations during formation with vibration compaction, as well as the multiple circulation of this sand. The prospects for the digitalisation of the LFC process, with an emphasis on 3D printing of foundry patterns, are highlighted. The influence of the main technological parameters of LFC on the quality of castings is illustrated using an Ishikawa diagram, where individual factors are marked based on the latest research and significant experience in improving the LFC process by scientists from PTIMA of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Basics of integration of vehicle technical operation system into intelligent transport systems

2025-10-24T14:56:18+03:00

The purpose of this study was to establish foundational information technologies for managing the operational efficiency of vehicles through an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The study included an analysis of the current state of public road transport and the systemic challenges it faces. A virtual road transport enterprise, PJSC “KhNADU – TESA”, has been created to address production tasks in public road transport. This enterprise aims to optimize the operation of the rolling stock fleet (RS) and provides a comprehensive solution for monitoring and managing the lifecycle of operations at small road transport enterprises. It incorporates all the divisions typical of a public joint-stock company (PJSC) and offers continuous monitoring of rolling stock parameters at low operating costs. This is achieved through modern mobile wireless communication technologies and professional navigation and communication equipment. The virtual enterprise consists of several developed information and software complexes (IPC), including “Virtual Mechanic ‘HADI-12’”, “Service Fuel Eco ‘NTU-НАDI-12’”, “MonDiaFor ‘HADI-15’” and “IdenMonDiaOperСon ‘HNADU-16’”. These complexes facilitate the interaction of various monitoring components, such as the operational condition of the vehicle and the driver, the on-board information system, vehicle operating conditions (including road, transport, atmospheric, and climatic conditions), and the transport and highway infrastructure. The results obtained through the IPC enable the calculation of average vehicle speeds while considering geozones, fuel consumption, and the relative coefficient of speed change. This data serves as a key guideline for determining vehicle operating conditions and adjusting the existing management and analysis systems in PJSC. Future plans include obtaining results using the IPC to provide insights into average vehicle speeds, fuel consumption, and relative speed change coefficients, which will further aid in assessing the operating conditions of specific vehicles

Spectral evaluation of vibration loadslight military vehicle

2025-10-27T15:43:25+02:00

An analysis of the conditions for the use of light military vehicles during hostilities was carried out. Taking into account the intensity of use of military vehicles at the front, in particular the increase in operating speeds and the operation of samples at the limit of their technical capabilities in off-road conditions and with the aim of reducing vibration loads on the driver, crew, structural elements of the military vehicle and cargo, it is proposed as an option to get out of the situation on modern samples use long-travel suspensions. Based on the analysis of previously conducted studies, the frequency limits of the sensitivity of the human body in the vertical and horizontal directions have been established. A simulation model of suspension operation in off-road conditions was developed to evaluate the smoothness of movement of the “Mamai” light military vehicle and the spectral evaluation of vibration loads on the driver and crew. In the future, the vibration load on the driver was determined, and after comparing them with the results of the conducted experimental study, the comparability of the results and the adequacy of the simulation model were assessed. The difference in the amplitudes of vertical accelerations at the driver’s workplace during the experiment and computer simulation did not exceed 12-15%. To compare experimental data and data obtained through simulation modelling with regulated standards, sanitary norms and values. with the means of the Matlab mathematical processor, the rms values of the vibration accelerations in the octave bands were directly determined, for which a corresponding program was developed, since the built-in poctave function of the Matlab environment does not allow the analysis for frequencies below 3 Hz

Mechatronic system for controlling the humidity of the greenhouse microclimate

2025-10-28T10:03:07+02:00

The influence of general parameters of temperature and humidity on the microclimate of small greenhouses is analysed. The main properties that provide the most favorable conditions for plant growth and development are identified, among which air humidity plays a significant role. To ensure a stable humidity regime inside the greenhouse, it is necessary to maintain a humidity balance. The aim of this work is to create a mechatronic system for controlling air humidity in a greenhouse. The peculiarity of the approach is a shifted algorithm for controlling sprayers based on a daily weather forecast. A computer model of the greenhouse complex was substantiated and developed, which takes into account additional compensation for water vapor, convection, and forced air movement in the greenhouse. Based on the results of the research, a mathematical model of changes in water vapor flow in the greenhouse in accordance with changes in ambient air humidity during the day was developed in the SOLIDWORKS software environment. A simulation of changes in air parameters in a greenhouse during one day was carried out to forecast the weather in the Kherson region (May 17, 2023). The modeling was based on the design parameters of the greenhouse, the initial temperature in the greenhouse of 20°C, the ambient temperature in the range from 13.9°C to 26.2°C according to the weather forecast, and the initial air humidity of 70%. It was found that the obtained characteristics allow us to estimate the overall coefficient of air saturation with water vapor, which served as the basis for determining the required performance of compensating injectors and developing a control cyclogram for the greenhouse air humidity stabilization system. To ensure stable humidity in the greenhouse, a mechatronic hydraulic fogging system was developed. Based on the results of the model experiment, the coordinates of the injectors were determined and their operation mode, namely the control algorithm, was developed. The results of the study and the developed control algorithm are suitable for use in mechatronic microclimate control systems, taking into account daily changes in environmental parameters. The algorithm provides for switching on the fogging system, updating the current values of variables, polling sensors, and updating the set of control commands. The logic of the control process is based on the definition and development of modes in three humidity ranges: 70-65%; 65-60%; 60-50%

Дослідження експлуатаційних характеристик пневматичного автомобільного двигуна

2025-10-28T10:30:40+02:00

The use of modern power units in transport with internal combustion engines cannot fully resolve environmental issues caused by traffic, particularly in densely populated urban areas with over one million inhabitants. One promising approach to improving transport's environmental safety is the use of engines that operate on compressed air as the working medium. This is due to several advantages of pneumatic engines compared to other energy systems: high safety levels, ease of transportation, environmental friendliness, low production costs for pneumatic vehicles and compressed air, as well as the ease of recycling air batteries and energy systems. This study presents a mathematical model that enables numerical calculations and optimisation of the key energy and operational characteristics of reciprocating pneumatic engines with a crank-slider mechanism and a given gas distribution mechanism. The modelling results indicate that a four-cylinder pneumatic engine is the most promising option. The developed variant provides the required power output of up to 14 kW depending on the input pressure and achieves a P-V diagram filling coefficient within the range of 0.68-0.76

The role of tactical and technical characteristics of vehicles in airfield technical support of flights

2025-10-28T10:37:38+02:00

The article formulates directions and analyses the possibilities of substantiating and selecting the most optimal option for the development of the fleet of airfield technical support for flights of Ukrainian aircraft based on the experience of the leading countries of the world and determining the role of tactical and technical characteristics of vehicles in ensuring flights of aircraft under martial law. The provided recommendations allow to formulate measures to eliminate shortcomings in the system of airfield technical support of flights through the modernization, unification and development of tactical and technical characteristics of vehicles. The review and analysis of the state of the existing airfield technical support facilities showed that their quantitative composition, tactical and technical requirements and design requirements for each machine of this military equipment are significantly influenced by the trends and directions of development of the military aviation of Ukraine, which in modern conditions are: maximum maintenance in combat-ready condition of existing aircraft, which have their origin since Soviet times, their repair at domestic enterprises and insignificant. modernization of other electronic equipment of domestic development and the appearance of new weapons; preservation of survivability by the method of susceptibility of rapid dispersal at operational airfields, expansion of the network of main and reserve airfields; the appearance of aircraft of other foreign countries; the beginning of the entry into service of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine of unmanned aerial vehicles. An assessment of the directions of development of airfield technical support facilities has shown that the problematic task of these facilities in the current conditions of Ukraine is to preserve the life of both special equipment and vehicles on which it is mounted. The most promising direction of development is the construction (creation) of multimodular vehicles: an energy module (car, tractor) and a technological module (special equipment). But no definitive method has been found yet to build such a machine. The main obstacle to further prospects for the development of multimodular airfield technical support vehicles is the unresolved problem of reversing the trailer module to ensure trajectory stability and controllability during maneuvering

Integration of an optoelectronic surveillance system with an artillery radar station to optimise ship self-defence in mine detection

2025-10-28T11:02:51+02:00

The purpose of the study was to analyse ways to improve the efficiency and accuracy of interaction between optoelectronic systems (OES) and radar stations (RLS) on ships to improve anti-aircraft fire systems in self-defence zones. Various approaches were used approaches to analyse data integration, automate processes, and optimise communication between systems based on theoretical models and practical examples of interaction between ship systems. The study showed that the integration of OES surveillance with RLS on ships significantly increases the accuracy of target detection and the effectiveness of anti-aircraft fire systems in war zones. It was found that synchronisation of data with the OES and RLS provides faster identification of threats, especially in difficult weather conditions or with limited visibility. Data processing algorithms are analysed, which significantly improve noise filtering and the accuracy of recognising mines and other threats by improving methods for analysing signals and integrating information from various sensor systems. Automated control systems allow minimising the response time to threats, increasing the efficiency of actions. The study also found that automatic steering systems integrated with navigation and safety systems effectively reduced the risk of mine detonation through real-time manoeuvres. The methods used included dynamic positioning and automatic correction of the ship's course depending on data obtained from the OES and RLS. This contributed to a quick response to threats and increased the overall safety of ships in coastal areas. It was established that improving communication channels between systems reduces delays in data transmission, which contributes to a faster response to threats. It was found that the integration of automatic steering systems with navigation systems improves the ship’s manoeuvrability and reduces the likelihood of falling into mine threat zones. The analysis showed that an integrated approach to modernising the interaction between the OES and RLS allows creating a more stable and effective ship defence system in coastal zones. The practical significance of the research lies in the potential use of the findings for the development and implementation of modern integrated ship defence systems, which contribute to enhancing ship safety in challenging conditions

Uncertainty and its impact on the formationof spare parts inventories to ensuring the efficiency of transport processes

2025-10-27T11:14:48+02:00

Improving the efficiency of transport processes is impossible without improving the logistics of managing spare parts inventories. The functioning of logistics processes in supply chains is accompanied by significant uncertainty and risks. The time that managers spend on eliminating disruptions in the supply chains of spare parts due to the impact of uncertainty on road transport is from 20% to 40% of the total time spent on ensuring logistics processes. This indicator can be reduced by implementing advanced supply chain management systems, using analytics to predict and prevent problems, as well as increasing the level of cooperation with suppliers. The article examines the main factors shaping the demand for spare parts. The causes of uncertainty and risks in supply chains are analysed. It is established that the uncertainty of demand factors for spare parts can be caused by a number of factors, such as fluctuations in economic conditions, seasonal changes, changes in technology, or even unforeseen situations, such as pandemics or natural disasters. These factors include human characteristics, technical means, operation and maintenance processes, and the external environment. For optimal resource allocation to ensure system reliability, it is necessary to prioritize influencing factors. Since many of these factors are qualitative and are assessed by experts, this complicates the application of traditional methods of experimental design and regression analysis, which are usually used in the statistical theory of reliability of “human-machine” systems. Analysis of sources of uncertainty in logistics processes of supply chains, methods for their reduction, as well as economic and mathematical methods for supporting decision-making regarding the structure and planning of work in supply chains allows us to identify a number of trends and promising areas of research in this area. These areas include: the need to form and develop a terminology base, improve methods for forecasting spare parts inventories, develop supply chain management strategies, minimize risks in supply chains, and find a balance between the efficiency and sustainability of inventory management systems

Aeronautical impact on the process of cleaning runways from contamination

2025-10-27T11:35:14+02:00

The study is aimed at analysing aeronautical methods of runway cleaning from contamination to improve the efficiency of maintenance and safety of aviation operations. The study used aerodynamic analyses, data on high-speed airflow technologies, chemicals, and automatic control systems and sensors to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of runway de-icing. The results of the study showed that the use of aeronautical methods of runway cleaning significantly increases the efficiency of removing contaminants such as snow, ice, and dust particles. It was found that directed high-speed airflows effectively reduce cleaning time compared to traditional mechanical methods, reducing the risk of damage to the runway surface. In addition, the integration of these methods with automatic control systems and sensors can improve cleaning safety and reduce the negative impact on the environment. The combined use of aeronautical technologies with chemicals was also found to be effective, making these approaches promising for use at airports with high flight intensity. The study confirmed the feasibility of introducing such technologies to ensure the safety and economic efficiency of aviation operations. The analysis also showed that the use of aeronautical methods reduces the need for frequent re-cleaning of runways, which helps to reduce operating costs. In addition, the use of these technologies helps to reduce the amount of deposits on the runway surface, which has a positive impact on the durability of the pavement. The research introduces a new approach to runway cleaning, showing how aeronautical methods can improve the efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness of aviation operations, opening up prospects for further innovation in this area

Stressed state of a thick-walled pipe under the action of internal pressure and axial force

2025-10-27T11:53:49+02:00

A classical problem of determining the stress state of a thick-walled pipe with fixed bottoms under the action of internal pressure and the axial force generated by it is considered. Under these conditions, the axial strain is zero. The scheme of a perfectly plastic body is accepted. Information Maple technologies for all key stages of solving this problem have been developed. In order to analyse the pipe material for plastic deformation without fracture, the basic differential equation of the problem is formulated and solved with respect to the stress state index, which is equal to the ratio of the first invariant of the stress tensor to the stress intensity. It is shown that the boundary conditions lead to a system of three linear inhomogeneous equations with respect to unknown parameters of the stress equations. It is determined that this system always has a solution, since the determinant of the system matrix is inversely proportional to the square of the radius of the boundary separating the plastic and elastic regions of the pipe and is always different from zero. It is shown that the equation that establishes the relationship between the applied pressure and the radius of the boundary between the plastic and elastic regions cannot be solved directly with respect to an unknown radius. However, it is advisable to use it in a form solved with respect to pressure. The calculated distributions of stress components normalised by the yield strength along the pipe thickness are consistent with the literature data, which confirm that the maximum values of the circumferential load are observed on the outer surface. This is interpreted as a sign of the reliability of the theoretical solution to Bridgman's experimental data, according to which the material fracture of a thick-walled pipe loaded with internal pressure begins from the outer surface. The regularities of changes in the stress state index obtained in this work improve the above justification, since from the standpoint of the theory of deformability of materials during cold deformation, the ultimate deformations of the material usually decrease with the growth of the stress state index, the highest values of which occur at the points of the outer surface

Method of finite element modelling of the stress-strain state parameters of a flat truss with parallel belts

2025-10-27T12:20:11+02:00

The purpose of the study was to create a method for modelling the stress-strain state of a flat truss with parallel belts using multi-package software based on the finite element method. It was established that the software complexes LIRA-CAD 2016 R5 and ANSYS Workbench 14.5 are the most effective for calculating the parameters of the stress-strain state of flat trusses, since they provide high modelling efficiency due to the developed functionality and adaptability to engineering analysis tasks. In the course of the study, the capabilities and interfaces of these software environments were analysed, and simulations were performed for a truss with a triangular grid and dimensions of 18,000×3,600 mm, made of VCt3ps structural steel. Geometric and finite element models of trusses in the media of the identified calculation complexes were developed. For modelling, elements made of rolled corners with a cross-section of 100×100×10 mm were used, and nodal kerchiefs were made of steel sheet with a thickness of 10 mm. For the truss model, ANSYS Workbench 14.5 created a finite element grid with size sampling, in particular for styles, which provides more accurate determination of the parameters of the stress-strain state of SSS in critical zones of the truss. In LIRA-CAD 2016 R5, the truss model was divided into 10x10 mm elements. The proposed method included two main stages: at the first stage, a model was created to determine the stress-strain state of the truss and the environment of the LIRA-CAD 2016 R5 software suite, at the second stage, the results obtained were analysed in the environment of the ANSYS Workbench 14.5 calculation complex to optimise the design parameters. The use of this technique can significantly reduce the time required for design and calculations, which helps to increase the efficiency of designing trusses with parallel belts. The practical value of the development lies in the possibility of optimising the shapes and sizes of cross-sections of elements, which positively affects the economic efficiency of the designed trusses, reducing material costs and ensuring the durability of structures

Cloud solutions for data integration and analysis in remote vehicle monitoring

2025-10-27T14:14:07+02:00

The research work is aimed at studying, developing and optimising a system for integrating diagnostic data with cloud platforms to implement remote monitoring of motor vehicles. The results of this research will not only help to increase the efficiency and availability of vehicle maintenance, but also identify new areas of development in the field of transport technology and cloud technologies. The paper also addresses the issues of data security, information transfer efficiency, and scalability of solutions, which are key to the reliable operation of remote monitoring systems. Ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of data is a top priority, requiring the implementation of advanced encryption and access control methods. The efficiency of information transmission plays a crucial role in the face of a large amount of data coming from vehicles, and the scalability of the systems allows them to adapt to the growing needs of enterprises. Future systems will allow, if necessary, downloading specialized diagnostic methods for troubleshooting from a remote service centre; standardization of functionality and interfaces of on-board vehicle monitoring systems of different manufacturers to reduce the range of test and diagnostic equipment. In addition, the emphasis is placed on the practical aspects of applying cloud technologies in real-world transportation systems. The practical approach involves analysing specific cases and examples of the use of cloud platforms for monitoring various types of vehicles. In particular, the paper considers the implementation of cloud solutions in road transport companies, railway companies and sea carriers. The conclusions of the paper include recommendations for the implementation and optimisation of cloud-based solutions for vehicle monitoring, which can reduce maintenance costs, improve the safety and efficiency of transport systems. Combining diagnostic data with cloud-based platforms for remote maintenance is becoming a response to the challenges of the modern automotive industry. The integration of these technological solutions is aimed at improving the quality of service, ensuring operational safety, and reducing maintenance time and costs

Improving ship manoeuvring accuracy in shallow water: The role of navigation equipment and hull design

2025-10-27T14:34:02+02:00

The study was conducted to analyse the impact of modern navigation equipment and ship hull design on improving the accuracy of manoeuvring in shallow water. The study used methods of analysis and comparison of the effectiveness of modern navigation equipment, evaluation of ship hull design solutions, and integration of these technologies to improve the accuracy of manoeuvring in shallow water. It was found that the use of modern dynamic positioning (DP) systems and high-precision navigation equipment, such as satellite systems and electronic mapping systems, significantly improves the accuracy of ship manoeuvring in shallow water. Ships with a flat hull and minimal draft were found to have better manoeuvrability compared to traditional designs. Optimisation of the bow shape and the use of stabilisers can reduce water resistance and improve handling. The use of highly sensitive steering systems improves steering precision in limited spaces. It was concluded that the integration of these technologies can significantly improve the safety of navigation in shallow water. It was also found that high-resolution radars and automatic identification systems effectively reduce the risk of collisions when manoeuvring in narrow channels and ports. In addition, vessels with an improved hull design were found to have reduced hydrodynamic resistance, which helps to reduce fuel consumption in shallow water. The study provided practical recommendations for implementing modern navigation systems and improving ship hull design, which increases the accuracy of manoeuvring in shallow water and improves navigation safety. Overall, the results confirmed the importance of integrating navigation technologies with hull design solutions to improve the efficiency and safety of navigation

Innovative technologies in the study of mechanical properties of materials

2025-10-27T14:46:41+02:00

The article provides an overview of modern innovative technologies used to study the mechanical properties
of materials using universal breaking machines. The focus is on the integration of machine vision technologies, machine
learning algorithms and high-speed stereoscopy, which provide new capabilities for analysing the behaviour of materials
during static and dynamic loads. An important aspect of the research is the improvement of traditional test methods
through the introduction of innovative components: high-speed cameras that allow recording material deformations with
microsecond precision; stereoscopic systems that create three-dimensional models of material behaviour under load; as well
as lighting devices that provide uniform illumination of the test object. These technologies are synchronized with powerful
computing modules capable of analysing large amounts of data in real time. The authors emphasise that the integration
of computer vision and machine learning algorithms can significantly reduce the impact of the human factor on research
results. Automated analysis systems are able to accurately detect and classify defects, simulate types of failures and predict
the behaviour of materials under various loading conditions. Examples of the use of such systems in the study of complex
composites, metal alloys and the latest polymers are also given. Additionally, innovative approaches to the creation of
dynamic loads that allow testing for impact strength and endurance are considered. The article shows how automated test
process management systems increase research efficiency by providing greater accuracy, repeatability of results, and faster
data processing. The practical significance of the described developments lies in their wide application in industries where
the study of the mechanical properties of materials is critical, such as aircraft construction, mechanical engineering, energy
and construction. A high level of automation and accuracy of tests, provided by the introduction of modern technologies,
allows setting new standards for the quality of research and creates prospects for the further development of materials
science. Thus, the presented approach to improving universal breaking machines contributes to increasing the accuracy of
measurements, expanding the functionality of traditional test systems and creating more efficient methods for studying
materials

Determination of the pressure field in the gasstatic support of a high-speed spindle assembly of a metal-cutting machine

2025-10-27T13:33:37+02:00

Accuracy, speed and durability of spindle assemblies allow to achieve high performance during grinding of products. The use of spindle assemblies on rolling bearings is characterised by a relatively low peripheral cutting speed, which forces to resort to strong pressing of the wheel. This leads to distortion of the geometry of the product and to a decrease in the quality of the ground surface. The use of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic bearings in the designs of high-speed spindle assemblies leads to a limitation of the spindle rotation frequency due to friction losses. Spindles on electromagnetic supports have not yet found wide application due to the complexity and high cost of spindles and electronic control systems. The introduction of gas-lubricated bearings into the design of spindle assemblies allows to increase the rigidity and mass of the spindle by increasing the diameter of the working journals while simultaneously increasing the peripheral speed of the tool. Increasing the peripheral speed allows grinding with high feeds, which leads to increased productivity, improved grinding quality and reduced sensitivity to imbalance of the mandrel and circle, since their mass is noticeably less than the mass of the spindle. However, it is necessary to note the significant mathematical complexity of describing the dynamics of the flow of gas lubricant in the gap of a gas-static support by using classical methods of engineering flow theory. Therefore, the article proposes to describe the flow of gas lubricant in the gap of the support by solving the boundary value problem for the Navier-Stokes equations. As a result of numerical solution of the obtained equations in conservative form, the dependences of dimensionless pressure on relative load and stiffness coefficient were obtained. The analysis of experimental and theoretical obtained characteristics of the spindle assembly was performed and it was shown that the developed method allows to determine the operational characteristics of the spindle assembly with gas-permeable key flow limiters with sufficient accuracy for practical application

Innovations in observational navigation techniques for precise ship positioning

2025-10-27T15:03:09+02:00

The purpose of the study was to enhance methodologies for determining ship position, thereby increasing the accuracy and reliability of navigation. The study involves a comparative analysis of current methods for establishing navigational positions, specifically using bearing and radar data, with an assessment of the accuracy, efficiency, and reliability of each approach. Findings indicated that the precision and effectiveness of each method are heavily influenced by navigational conditions, including weather, geographical location, and vessel type. Although conventional methods remain applicable, they present limitations that may result in substantial positioning errors. In response to these limitations, new approaches are developed and tested, notably through the combined use of direction finders and radar data to improve accuracy. A comparative analysis of these innovative methods against conventional practices demonstrates enhanced accuracy and reliability under variable navigational conditions. These findings inform recommendations for refining ship positioning techniques to enhance navigational safety and optimise maritime transport operations. The recommendations emphasise advancing the use of modern technologies, such as global navigation systems and the integration of multiple data sources, to improve the dependability of navigation solutions. In addition, the adoption of automated systems for analysing and processing navigational data is advised to support timely decision-making in challenging navigational environments

Application of Blockchain technology in logistics and supply chain management

2025-10-27T14:02:05+02:00

The article considers the possibility of using innovative information technology Blockchain in logistics and supply chain management. At the beginning of the 21st century, a significant change occurred in the development of digital technologies, a revolution. Now information is becoming more and more important every day as a resource in social and economic processes. The use of information in modern conditions is necessary to transform it into knowledge, which is measured by an increase in productivity, and subsequently the social space takes up more and more space in socio-economic relations. The essence and features of Blockchain technology are reflected, and the need for its technical order is also revealed. Today, Blockchain is a multifunctional and multi-level information technology designed for reliable accounting of various assets. Potentially, this technology covers all spheres of economic activity without exception and has many areas of application. Among them: finance, economics and monetary settlements, transactions with tangible and intangible assets. The introduction of Blockchain technology into any area of business involves the adoption of a fully transparent and reliable information platform that will be used by participants in a particular process: whether it is insurance of individuals, privatization of real estate, return management, provision of logistics services or any other type of activity. It should be noted that modern society at this stage of development is at an intellectual and technical level, at which the technical construction of a model of itself is a quite real computer engineering task. Today, technical modelling and technical normalization of Blockchain technology are in the zone of a strict process of organizing production and the economy. The key issue of the article is to reveal the possibilities of applying Blockchain technology in logistics and supply chain management in general. Examples of practical application of this technology in logistics are given, the advantages and disadvantages of Blockchain are revealed, and the barriers and difficulties associated with the use of this technology are also reflected

Investigation of air exchange at the workplace of a bus driver

2025-10-28T09:33:50+02:00

The focus on thermal comfort of the driver and passengers is important not only for reasons of convenience, but also for safety reasons. This article examines the microclimate at the driver’s workplace, which is formed on the basis of heat exchange between the exterior and interior of the cabin, as well as in the cabin itself. The influence of various factors and operating conditions on the microclimate in the bus interior is analysed. Attention is focused on local thermal comfort devices, since thermal comfort systems now work in an integrated manner, paying special attention to local thermal comfort. A ventilation system was modelled, which works to take fresh air into the cabin with forced removal to the outside. The air exchange at the workplace of a city bus driver with injection fans mounted in the roof of the bus, one of which works to draw fresh air into the cabin and the other to force it out, at air blowing speeds for four modes from 0.1 to 0.5 m/s, was modelled. The organisation of air exchange at the driver’s workplace is proposed, which can be used in the design of thermal comfort for new models of vehicles, especially large-sized ones, such as buses

Particularities of conducting emergency processes in electrical transportation facilities at the electric stake dalliance: Generator – battery

2025-10-27T14:37:23+02:00

The article presents the results and identified problems in the context of conducting comprehensive expert investigations into emergency conditions and the operation of electrical equipment of transport vehicles in the electric stake area: generator – rechargeable battery. Electrical devices are a significant part of the causes of fires in transport vehicles. All electrical devices in the car are connected to the main power supply, battery and generator, through additional wiring. the structure of electrical wiring consists of a conductor, which transmits electrical signals, and an insulator, which releases the conductor. Basically, the shape and structure of the conductor, as well as the thickness of the insulator, are divided differently depending on the difference in the permissible flow. It is therefore not safe to adjust the connector that connects a number of electrical devices to one device, or it is inadvisable to connect external wiring to connect several electrical devices. If the re-engineering is blocked, which exceeds the permissible flow at the lance, there may be a short-circuit in the electrical wiring and damage to the insulation due to overheating, which can lead to a direct risk of seizing the car. It is common knowledge that among the most common causes of fires are wiring faults, which most often lead to a short circuit. If the insulation is damaged for these and other reasons, the exposed parts of the wires have the potential to come into contact with each other or with the “mass” of the car. the darts, as a result of the flow of a short flow through them, which is too great for passing through this crossbar, begin to heat up. Due to the high temperature, the insulation melts and ignites, along with adjacent parts made of plastic and other flammable materials. Based on the results of the investigation, it was established that the cause of the fire in the monitored car was the manifestation of the thermal effect of an electric shock in the installed core, which called for the insulation of the wire along which we will make constructive decisions during the operation of the internal combustion engine installed on the vehicle, so that a stream is supplied from the vehicle generator to the on-board electrical system. The diversity of current transport means of foreign production and the constant development of their electrical design necessitates the need for thorough development of the information base. creation of available operating evidence, methods of conducting examinations and expert investigations of electrical equipment

Analysis of the current state of passenger transportation on suburban routes

2025-10-27T14:23:29+02:00

Suburban passenger transportation is an integral part of the transport system, ensuring population mobility and contributing to the economic development of regions. The article analyses the current state of passenger transportation by road on suburban routes, identifies the main problems and determines ways to solve them. The key factors affecting the quality of transport service are studied, in particular, disruption of the traffic schedule, overcrowding during peak hours, irregularity of flights and a low level of integration with urban routes. Particular attention is paid to the technical condition of rolling stock, infrastructure problems and transport safety. It was found that a large part of the bus fleet is outdated, which causes significant environmental, technical and operational difficulties. The issue of tariff policy and the need to introduce a single electronic ticket system are considered, which will facilitate the convenience of transfers and increase the efficiency of the transport system. Factors that complicate the integration of suburban and urban transport, such as different tariff systems and the lack of coordinated traffic schedules, are identified. The article proposes a set of measures to improve suburban passenger transportation, in particular, updating rolling stock in accordance with modern environmental standards, optimising the route network, modernising the infrastructure and introducing modern transport management technologies. The importance of strengthening control over transportation safety and combating illegal carriers is determined. The need for a comprehensive approach to reforming suburban transportation through state regulation, increasing the investment attractiveness of the transport industry and using the latest digital technologies is emphasised. The implementation of these measures will contribute to increasing the level of comfort, safety and efficiency of passenger transportation, which in the future will ensure the sustainable development of the country’s transport system